phil347 final exam 2017 december

October 23, 2025 Claire B 0 Comments

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Question 1 5 pts

(TCOs 1, 2) Determine whether the following passage is an
argument.

Mark was late to work today because he overslept.

Argument

Not an
argument because there are no claims or only one claim

Not an
argument because none of the claims offers a reason for the other

Not an
argument because the reasons explain rather than prove the other claims

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Question 2 5 pts

(TCOs 1, 2) Determine whether the following passage is an
argument.

The cost of home computers has dropped. The cost of laptops
has also dropped. Come to think of it, production costs of computer chips are
also at an all-time low.

Argument

Not an
argument because there are no claims or only one claim

Not an
argument because none of the claims offers a reason for the other

Not an
argument because the reasons explain rather than prove the other claims

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Question 3 5 pts

(TCOs 2, 3) Choose the best answer.

Because we have missed it for the past 2 years, we should go
to the county fair this weekend. The gates open at 10:00 a.m.

Which of the following claims represents the conclusion of
this argument?

We have
missed the county fair for the past 2 years.

We should
go to the county fair this weekend.

The gates
to the county fair open at 10:00 a.m.

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Question 4 5 pts

(TCOs 2, 3) Choose the best answer.

Healthy. Delicious. Drink Ovaltine!

Which of the following claims represents the implied
conclusion of this argument?

Ovaltine
is healthy.

Ovaltine
is delicious

You
should drink Ovaltine.

None;
this is not an argument.

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Question 5 5 pts

(TCOs 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.

Using a lemon when cooking is like using a lime. Given that
limes can be added to bland foods to give them some zest, lemons, too, will
give zest to bland foods.

Analogical
argument

Categorical
argument

Truth-functional
argument

Causal
argument

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Question 6 5 pts

(TCOs 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.

Unemployment is probably rising throughout most California
counties, for the reason that it has been rising in Kern and Los Angeles
counties.

Truth-functional
argument

Analogical
argument

Categorical
argument

Inductive
generalization

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Question 7 5 pts

(TCOs 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.

Our sales drive began losing steam 2 weeks ago. This is
probably caused by the free prizes given by our competitor because they
initiated this particular free prize promotion at the beginning of last month.

Causal
argument

Analogical
argument

Categorical
argument

Truth-functional
argument

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Question 8 5 pts

(TCOs 2, 3, 5) Relate to the proper terminology.

What evaluative language should you use for causal
arguments?

Valid/invalid;
cogent/uncogent

Valid/invalid;
sound/unsound

Strong/weak;
cogent/uncogent

Strong/weak;
sound/unsound

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Question 9 5 pts

(TCOs 2, 3, 5) Relate to the proper terminology.

What evaluative language should you use for categorical
arguments?

Valid/invalid;
cogent/uncogent

Valid/invalid;
sound/unsound

Strong/weak;
cogent/uncogent

Strong/weak;
sound/unsound

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Question 10 5 pts

(TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper standard
form for the following statement.

Whenever the phone rings, the dog barks.

All times
that the dog barks are times the phone rings.

All times
that the phone rings are times that the dog barks.

Some of
the times the phone rings are times that the dog barks.

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Question 11 5 pts

(TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper
standard form for the following statement.

Only students are allowed access to the recreation center.

Some
people who are allowed access to the recreations center are students.

All
people who are allowed access to the recreation center are students.

All
people who are allowed access to the recreations center are not students.

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Question 12 5 pts

21. (TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper
standard form for the following statement.

If you don’t register, then you can’t vote.

All
people who vote are people who register.

All
people who register to vote are people who vote.

Some
people who register to vote are not people who vote.

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Question 13 5 pts

(TCO 4) Choose the correct translation for each of the
following compound claims.

If you are eligible for swimming (S), then you are eligible
for water polo (W).

S > W

W > S

S > W

S • W

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Question 14 5 pts

(TCO 4) Choose the correct translation for each of the
following compound claims.

Neither a sculpture (S) nor a painting (P) will be exhibited
in the new gallery.

S • P

~ (S • P)

~ S >
~ P

~ (S >
P)

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Question 15 5 pts

(TCOs 3, 5) Which inductive generalization is stronger?

In a
psychology class experiment to determine how many students suffer from test
anxiety, student researchers visited three freshman-level courses and had
students fill out survey questionnaires. Because 53% of respondents admitted to
having test anxiety, it’s safe to conclude that about half of all students on
campus have test anxiety.

In a
psychology class experiment to determine how many students suffer from test
anxiety, student researchers visited one freshman-level course, one
sophomore-level course, and one senior course and had students fill out survey
questionnaires. Because 53% of respondents admitted to having test anxiety,
it’s safe to conclude that about half of all students on campus have test
anxiety.

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Question 16 5 pts

(TCOs 3, 5) Which analogical argument is stronger?

Walnuts,
hickory nuts, and pecans are high in protein. Consequently, almonds are
probably high in protein.

Walnuts
are high in protein. Consequently, almonds are probably high in protein.

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Question 17 5 pts

(TCOs 3, 5) Which causal argument is stronger?

The
population of frogs in three California counties has declined dramatically in
the last decade. Loss of habitat must be the cause because increased demand for
housing has eliminated more than half of the available wetlands in all three
counties, and this appears to be the only factor all three have in common.

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Question 18 5 pts

(TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.

Maybe Professor Burnes has argued that IQ is not that
important in determining whether a person succeeds in his or her vocation, but
this is clearly nonsense. I suspect that Professor Burnes doesn’t have an IQ
that’s exactly off the charts.

Appeal to
ignorance

Ad
hominem

Appeal to
illegitimate authority

No
fallacy committed

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Question 19 5 pts

(TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.

Second Amendment fans oppose every effort the government
makes to restrict or regulate the sale of guns and ammunition, but how can they
defend the view that the government has no role to play in our society? Think
about it for a minute: Don’t we need government to defend our borders? Don’t we
need government to regulate food and drugs?

Strawman

Begging
the question

No
fallacy committed

Red
herring

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Question 20 5 pts

(TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.

Some employers argue that they have the right to monitor
employee Internet use. I completely disagree. Most of us work at least part of
the week from home, and we can’t be expected to maintain a rigid distinction
between using the Internet for work and using it for recreation.

Appeal to
illegitimate authority

Appeal to
ignorance

No
fallacy committed

Red herring

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Question 21 10 pts

(TCO 2) In the following argument, identify either the extra
claims, or express the implied claim.

If you want to be sure the country is headed in the right
direction, you need to vote for the best candidate this November. I believe the
election is on the eighth this year.