QUESTION 1
- Someone who makes moral determinations based on furthering his or her own self-interest is applying which ethical theory?
A-Ethical relativism
B-Utilitarianism
C-Ethical egoism
D-Kantian ethics.
0.5 points
QUESTION 2
- . Which of the following is a correct statement?
A-When people’s desires conflict, the doctrine of ethical egoism provides a mechanism to arbitrate and settle differences in a fair and balanced manner.
B-The Sophists believed that ethical principles and moral rules are universal, objective, impersonal, and eternal.
C-Machiavelli had a positive and laudatory view of people and human nature.
DMachiavelli’s political philosophy stems logically from the teachings of the Sophists.
0.5 points
QUESTION 3
- Kant was a believer in:
a.Fatalism
b.Determinism
c.Free Will
d.Relativism
0.5 points
QUESTION 4
- Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?
A-A categorical imperative, according to Kant, prescribes certain types of actions as absolutely morally necessary regardless of any end or any particular desire.
B-When Kant emphasizes the concept of “good will,” he means to have fun and enjoy life because life is short and uncertain.
C-Lying is immoral according to Kant because lying cannot logically be “legislated” into a universal moral law.
D-Utilitarianism fails the second test of Kant’s Categorical Imperative – the Kingdom of Ends test – because people cannot be treated as mere means even to justify the production of greater good
0.5 points
QUESTION 5
- The moral theory of ethical relativism can best be characterized by:
A-The consultation of an outside source, such as a book or person, for guidance.
B-The belief that the moral rules should be determined by persons who have a “veil of ignorance” about their place or station in society.
C-The belief that a person must decide what course of action is moral based on what a society believes is proper and right.
D-Determining which course of action produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.
0.5 points
QUESTION 6
- According to ethical relativism,
A-There are no moral standards which are universally true.
B-Morality is societal-based.
C-Different societies have different views as to what is right and wrong.
D-All are true.
0.5 points
QUESTION 7
- Which of the following is not an accurate statement?
A-According to the Sophists, moral terms such as “justice” had no basis or truth in any objective, fixed reality and thus were merely relative terms, relative to the person using them.
B-The highest stage of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg is to obey the law and to uphold the current ruling legal order.
C-For Plato, the Form of the Good is the final expression and absolute source of morality and goodness.
D-Plato’s theory of Organizational Ethics including his conception of the Just State is a very elitist notion that reflects distrust for the masses and democracy.
0.5 points
QUESTION 8
- What is FALSE about the ethical theory of Utilitarianism?
A.It is an egalitarian ethical theory since everyone’s pain and pleasure gets counted.
B.There is no need to predict the consequences of an action since only the form of the action is to be evaluated pursuant to Utilitarianism.
C.The consequences of an action must be examined beyond the impact on oneself but on others affected by the action.
D.The “ends can justify the means” pursuant to this ethical theory.
0.5 points
QUESTION 9
- Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement?
A-One major criticism of utilitarianism is that it may sacrifice justice for the minority in an attempt to maximize the greater good.
B-It is possible pursuant to utilitarianism to ethically legitimize an action as moral even though it causes pain and exploitation.
C-Kant would condemn utilitarianism as an immoral ethical theory because he maintains that the “ends do not justify the means.”
D-Emotion, according to Kant, is the source and ultimate basis for morality.
0.5 points
QUESTION 10
- Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean most accurately means that:
A-One should not be mean to one’s co-workers since being nice and polite is an instrumental value.
B-“Nice guys finish last.”
C-The moral choice is a rationally determined mean between two extremes representing deficiency and access.
D-Being mean to a person for spite and malice is disrespectful and demeaning and fails the Categorical Imperative
