QUESTION 1
1. Mandatory, random, observed drug testing by an employer ethically could be deemed:
a. Moral pursuant to Ethical Egoism for the employer if it conducts the testing in a careful and proper manner and as a result reduces accidents, lost time at work, and health care costs.
b.Moral pursuant to Utilitarianism if the drug testing reduces illegal drug use in society for the betterment of the people as a whole even though some people may feel their rights to privacy have been or may be infringed upon.
c.Immoral pursuant to Kantian ethics if some people feel that mandatory, random, observed drug testing is a disrespectful and demeaning act and an invasion of their privacy.
d.All of the above.
0.5 points
QUESTION 2
1. The Roman philosopher Ovid’s famous statement, “The middle road is the safest,”most closely resembles the ethics of what moral philosopher?
Kant
Rousseau
Aristotle
Hobbes
0.5 points
QUESTION 3
1. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about the Utilitarian ethical theory?
It determines the moral worth of an action based on what a society believes is morally right
It may allow the personal interests of individuals to be sacrificed in that the collective good be attained
It is usually regarded as a consequentialist ethical theory
It determines the moral worth of an action by whether the action achieves the greatest overall balance of satisfaction over dissatisfaction.
0.5 points
QUESTION 4
1. A war against the repressive government erupts in Country X. The U.S. Congress wants to draft U.S. citizens into the military to help the people of Country X fight for independence. Members of Congress believe that although some U.S. troops may die, hundreds of thousands of people in Country X will be given freedom. The President of the U.S., however, believes that individuals should have the right to choose from themselves whether to fight or not and thus opposes the idea of a draft. Congress’ feelings closely mirror
Kantian ethics
Utilitarianism
Religious ethics
Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics
0.5 points
QUESTION 5
1. Big Sneaker Multinational Company has an Asian manufacturing facility which would be regarded as a “sweat-shop,” where young, teen-age girls are exploited, working for poor wages and with minimal safety precautions, as well as some of the girls being sexually harassed by managers in the making of sneakers. The company, however, is acting legally in Asia and, moreover, produces a lot of money for the Asian and U.S. economies, the company’s shareholders and distributors and retailers; and furthermore the U.S. consumer gets a very good product at a reasonable price. The Asian girls have some type of a job, at least. Under these circumstances, Kant based on his Categorical Imperative would say:
a.If those type of working conditions are considered to be normal and the customary practice in Asian societies then the facility is a moral one.
b.If the facility produces the greater good for U.S. and the Asian society then it is a moral one despite some suffering by the employees.
c.If the facility produces overall good for the company, despite a little bad publicity which the “PR people” can handle, then it is moral.
d.If the working conditions at the facility are not improved and if the sexual harassment of the girls is not stopped, the facility is an immoral one as it fails the Kingdom of Ends and Agent/Receiver tests.
0.5 points
QUESTION 6
1. Edward Executive makes $100,000 a year. Ned Newguy, a recent business school graduate, is willing to do Ed’s job for $55,000. Ed has been with the company for 30 years. In a cost-saving move, the company fires Ed and replaces him with the younger and cheaper Ned Newguy. This action could be
Illegal
Immoral pursuant to Kantian ethics
Moral pursuant to Ethical Egoism
All of the above.
0.5 points
QUESTION 7
1. Industry or “sector” experts who by their own intelligence and knowledge and using public sources of information deduce and ascertain a company’s confidential information and then trade on that information can be said to be acting:
Legally under federal securities laws in the United States.
Moral under Ethical Egoism.
Illegally under federal securities laws in the United States since there is not a level-playing-field.
A and B.
0.5 points
QUESTION 8
1. Regarding the use of nudity in advertising of bath products, what would an Ethical Relativist say?
A. When in Rome, do as the Romans.
B.Morality is a societal-based notion.
C.One society may say that nudity is moral; another that it is immoral; and both are right.
D.All of the above.
0.5 points
QUESTION 9
1. Ace Tool Company’s decision-makers view a particular risk in the use of Ace’s product as open and obvious to consumers. Continuing to market the product without explicitly telling consumers of the risk very likely would NOT be justified from a perspective of
Machiavellian ethics
Kantian ethics
Ethical Egoism
Utilitarian ethics
0.5 points
QUESTION 10
1. A business that continues to operate its domestic factories in order to avoid layoffs rather than shift its production to lower cost facilities overseas is most directly applying which value?
Legal positivism
Profit maximization
Stakeholder interests
Moral Heroism.
