J06V : Ethics in Criminal Justice
1.Which of the following refers to a type or subfield of ethics which focuses on the application of ethical values, principles, obligations, etc., to particular issues and practical scenarios that emerge within the context of a given field or occupation?
Personal
Normative
Religious
Professional
2.Which of the following is the term used to refer to the “choice of evils” defense, whereby a defendant argues that s/he engaged in criminal conduct to prevent some greater evil?
Coercion
Insanity
Necessity
Preventive
3.The claim that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are determined by influences such as climate and population density that act upon us from outside of our minds and bodies would be consistent with the notion of:
external determinism.
demonology.
culpability.
biological determinism.
4.The argument that sodomy should be prohibited simply because it is immoral– not because it harms anyone–would be an example of:
paternalism.
the offense principle.
legal moralism.
All of the above
5.Which of the following involves rationalizing misconduct by perceiving informal norms – such as secrecy or loyalty to fellow officers – to be more important than societal laws, norms, or the formal norms of the organization by which one is employed?
Denial of responsibility
Denial of victim
Denial of injury
Appeal to higher loyalties
6.Which of the following concepts might be used to explain why parents are often willing to sacrifice their own interests and welfare for the sake of their children?
Reciprocal altruism
Indirect reciprocity
Mutual aid
Inclusive fitness
7.Natural law theorists might argue that a law is unjust if it has which of the following characteristics?
It is discriminatory.
It is unjustly applied.
It is degrading to humans.
Any or all of the above
8.The goal of utilitarian decision-making is to produce the __________ unhappiness.
greatest balance of happiness over
total elimination of all
natural tendency toward
lowest number of outcomes that are responsible for
9.__________ refer to the notion that basic guarantees exist and that all people possess them simply by virtue of being human.
Natural rights
Hypothetical imperatives
Moral duties
Maxims
10.Much of the reasoning in the social sciences is __________, which involves making inferences about a population based on known properties of a sample of that population.
deductive
inductive
uncritical
preconceptual
- J07V : Private Security1
1.A component of deterrence proposing that if the offender is locked up in jail or prison, he or she cannot commit crimes is called:
incapacitation.
general deterrence.
special deterrence.
primary deterrence.
2.One of the most popular systematic problem-solving models is known as SARA, an acronym for Scan, Analysis, Response, and:
Ask.
Analyze.
Assess.
Adapt.
3.__________ shifts the focus of police work from just handling crime calls to addressing community concerns.
A landlord association
Community policing
National Night Out
Cybercrime
4.The principle that states that all organizational personnel operate under a single commander with the requisite authority to direct personnel employed in pursuit of a common purpose is called:
chains of command.
strict discipline.
middle management.
unity of command.
5.The process of making or counterfeiting objects, documents, or personal signatures with the intent to defraud is called:
forgery.
embezzlement.
larceny.
nonsufficient funds.
6.__________ is a national comprehensive approach to preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies.
Fear assessment
HAZMAT
Incident management
Fear management
7.Evidence that has characteristics that are unique to a given object and set it apart from similar objects, such as fingerprints and palm prints, has:
class characteristics.
individual characteristics.
testimonial evidence.
tagger.
8.__________ is/are a disruption to the flow of information, principally through computer viruses that eat data or freeze up systems and logic bombs that force machines to try to do something they can’t.
Denial of service
Phishing
Pharming
Cyberwars
9._________ exists where the facts and circumstances within an officer’s knowledge and of which he or she had reasonably trustworthy information are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been or is being committed.
A show-up
Probable cause
Chain of custody
Intent
10._________ is the process of locating, identifying, and attracting capable applicants who have the minimum qualifications to be eligible for the selection process.
Recruitment
Screening
Referencing
Applying
