QUESTION 1
Which of the following is not a common reason why do organizations collaborate?
A. To reduce the cost of technological development or market entry.
B. To increase control of new product development.
C. To reduce the risk of development or market entry.
D. To increase potential markets for new products.
QUESTION 4
Learning through collaboration is difficult. Which of the following can constrain learning in an alliance?
A. Common organizational cultures.
B. Levels of tacit or systemic knowledge.
C. Different industry or sector.
D. Diversity of product markets.
QUESTION 5
Lead users have a number of important defining characteristics. Which of the following is not typical of a lead user?
A. Technologically more advanced than competitors.
B. Recognize future market requirements early.
C. Positioned to benefit more from innovations.
D. Perceived to be innovative by their peers.
QUESTION 7
Which of the following is not a typical potential risk associated with collaboration?
A. Leakage of information.
B. Loss of control or ownership.
C. Establishing standards.
D. Divergent aims and objectives.
QUESTION 9
Which factor is the least significant for the knowledge acquisition strategy of a firm?
A. Competitive significance of the technology
B. Cost of the technology
C. Complexity of the technology
D. Codifiability of the technology
QUESTION 10
Which of the following is least important for the success of an alliance?
A. Past collaboration experience
B. Establishing ground rules
C. Clearly defined objectives
D. Choice of partner
QUESTION 12
Which of the following is not an example of a horizontal relationship?
A. cross-licensing
B. customer alliances
C. consortia
D. collaboration with competitors
QUESTION 13
Which is not a characteristic of a formal joint venture company structure?
A. Knowledge-leakage
B. Long-term relationship
C. Complementary know-how
D. Dedicated management
QUESTION 14
Which is not a relevant supply market for innovation?
A. Homogeneous – suppliers have very similar performance
B. Differentiated – suppliers differ greatly and one clearly superior
C. Competitive – suppliers are all highly efficient and competitive
D. Indeterminate – suppliers differ greatly under different conditions
QUESTION 15
Which is not typical of ‘lean’ supply relations?
A. Most competitive suppliers and contracts
B. Cost and profit transparency
C. Vendor assessment, plus development
D. Mutual learning, shared experience and investment
