Online Exam 1 – Business Ethics
5.0 Points
Question 1 of 20
In the Integrative Social Contracts Theory, what is the term for moral standards that differ from one community
to another?
A. social norms
B. microsocial norms
C. hypernorms
D. communal norms
Question 2 of 20
How many stages of moral development did Lawrence Kohlberg identify?
5.0 Points
A. two
B. six
C. three
D. twelve
Question 3 of 20
What is “stakeholder theory”?
5.0 Points
A. Corporate managers are obligated only to the shareholders, and no one else, because they
own the corporation.
B. Corporate managers are obligated only to the customers, and no one else, because they are the
lifeblood of the corporation.
C. Corporate managers should consider everyone, including outside interests, when making a
decision.
1
D. Corporate managers should consider all groups or individuals who can affect the achievement
of an organization’s objectives.
5.0
Points
Question 4 of 20
What are the three elements of moral responsibility?
A. causality, forethought, knowledge
B. causality, knowledge, malice
C. causality, knowledge, freedom
D. freedom, knowledge, malice
5.0 Points
Question 5 of 20
What is the theory of ethical relativism?
A. the theory that there are universal ethical standards that people should adhere to
B. the theory that there are no ethical standards whatsoever
C. the theory that ethical standards are dependent on each particular culture
D. the theory that ethical standards are dependent on the culture’s level of technology
and advancement
Question 6 of 20
Which of the following is one definition of the term ethics?
A. the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group
B. the process of adhering to all laws and regulations
C. an alternate term for morality
2
5.0
Points
D. a term describing why people are good or evil
5.0 Points
Question 7 of 20
What are the two stages within the first level (Preconventional level. of Kohlberg’s Three Levels of Moral
Development?
A. punishment and obedience orientation; instrumental and relative orientation
B. interpersonal concordance orientation; law and order orientation
C. social contract orientation; universal moral principles orientation
D. microsocial norm orientation; interpersonal concordance orientation
Question 8 of 20
Moral standards can be distinguished from non-moral standards using what characteristics?
5.0 Points
A. They deal with matters that can seriously injure or benefit humans.
B. They are not established or changed by authoritative bodies.
C. They are based on impartial considerations.
D. None of the above
E. All the above
5.0 Points
Question 9 of 20
What is an example of a microsocial norm?
A. prohibition of murder
3
B. prohibition of alcohol
C. prohibition of torture
D. prohibition of stealing
5.0 Points
Question 10 of 20
The ISCT framework describes two kinds of moral standards: hypernorms and microsocial norms. What does
ISCT stand for?
A. Implicit Social Cognitive Transition
B. Integrative Social Contracts Theory
C. International Social Consensus Theory
D. Integral Society Cognition Theory
Question 11 of 20
What is NOT one of the arguments against globalization?
5.0 Points
A. It harms national unity.
B. It has spread inequality between nations.
C. It leaves behind poorer nations that have only cheap agricultural products to sell.
D. It erodes local cultural diversity.
Question 12 of 20
Which of the following is not an argument for bringing ethics into business?
4
5.0 Points
A. A business will collapse if all its managers, employees, and customers steal, lie, or
break agreements.
B. Ethical people will be more loyal customers and will spend more money.
C. A stable society is necessary to conduct business dealings.
D. None of the above
5.0
Points
Question 13 of 20
Which of the following ethical issues did NOT arise as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
A. worker exploitation in factories
B. environmental damage
C. manipulation of the new financial markets
D. customer privacy issues
Question 14 of 20
Why do many Ivory Coast cocoa farmers use young boys as slave labor?
A. It is the cheapest farming method, and the farmers are only interested in their huge
profits.
B. There are no other people available to work the land in such remote areas due to civil
war.
C. The farmers have no control over their selling prices due to middlemen, so some
5
5.0 Points
resort to child labor to cut costs.
D. The chocolate companies force them to use child labor.
Question 15 of 20
To evaluate the adequacy of moral reasoning, ethicists employ what criteria?
5.0
Points
A. Moral reasoning must be logical.
B. Factual evidence must be accurate, relevant, and complete.
C. Moral standards must be consistent.
D. All of the above
5.0 Points
Question 16 of 20
What happened when Stalney Milgram tested subjects’ willingness to follow the orders of an authority figure to
give electric shocks to someone else?
A. No subjects were willing to harm other people.
B. One-third of subjects were willing to harm other people.
C. Two-thirds of subjects were willing to harm other people.
D. 90% of the subjects were willing to harm other people.
5.0 Points
Question 17 of 20
The term for the worldwide process by which the economic and social systems of nations become connected is
called __________.
A. connectivity
B. internationalization
6
C. multinationalism
D. globalization
5.0 Points
Question 18 of 20
In the Integrative Social Contracts Theory, what is the term for moral standards that should be applied to people
in all societies?
A. social norms
B. microsocial norms
C. hypernorms
D. macrosocial norms
5.0 Points
Question 19 of 20
Though business ethics covers a variety of topics, three basic types of issues are __________.
A. systemic, corporate, and public
B. systemic, corporate, and individual
C. individual, group, and social
D. none of the above
Question 20 of 20
Carol Gilligan criticizes Kohlberg’s theory on the basis of what?
A. Not all societies implicitly teach right and wrong.
7
5.0 Points
B. His theory did not include people from other cultures.
C. His theory did not include different age groups.
D. His theory was based mostly on male subjects.
8
